Learn the fixed wing aircraft marshalling and ramp hand signals based on the IATA Standards in the Airport Handling Manual (AHM) and IATA Ground Handling Manual (IGOM). When jet engines are turned off, multiple ground support equipment invade the ramp and ramp becomes the busiest spot on the airport. The material contained on this site is to be used for reference only. All rights reserved. General Information. This presentation talks about various things involved in Aircraft Ground Handling process. 0000001460 00000 n The term ramp has come from maritime industry where the term boat ramp has been used for the inclined wooden ramp on seashore used for parking a boat. These hand signals are standardized around the world to keep all pilots and ground staff on the same page and ensure that same hand signals convey the same message to the pilot irrespective of the destination. Aircraft marshalling refers to guiding the aircraft on the ramp with standardized hand signals by a specially trained ground staff known as aircraft marshaller. Raise right hand above head level with wand pointing up; move left-hand wand pointing down toward the body. What does it mean? Aircraft Marshalling Course. Convert from PDF PDF to Word. . Personnel Protection Approved hearing protection should be used when working in noise-intensity areas such as on the apron which include airside walkway, maintenance lines, etc. Protect PDF. Fully extend arms and wands at a 90-degree angle to sides. Marshalling is visual communication that guides pilots to turn, slow down, stop, and shut down engines, leading the aircraft to its parking stand or runway. Catering Truck is engaged with the aircraft when aircraft has become empty of passengers and airline staff start replenishment of catering supplies moving back and forth between the truck and galley (onboard kitchen). * Service aircraft lavatories. If you continue using it, we assume you are happy with our, From the pilot of an aircraft to a signalman, The signalman will be responsible for providing standard marshalling signals to aircraft in a clear and precise manner using the signals prescribed by the ICAO. AVIATION UNIT MAINTENANCE (AVUM) AND AVIATION INTERMEDIATE MAINTENANCE (AVIM) MANUAL FOR GENERAL AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE (MAINTENANCE PRACTICES FOR FUEL AND OIL SYSTEMS) VOLUME 3 (REPRINTED W/BASIC INCL C1-3) (THIS ITEM IS INCLUDED ON EM 0151) AMCOM. <>>> The term Ground Handling refers to the set of activities performed at an airport to facilitate the aircraft that has landed but hasnt taken off. Image was created by Mr. Josh Cooper, of the 367 Training Support Squadron at Hill Air Force Base, Utah, for the aircraft marshalling course. Not sure how? Aircraft Marshalling. h) There may be special procedures for helicopters or microlights. We use cookies to give you the best experience on our website. It will enable them to understand the marshalling hand signals while communicating with the flight crew to assist them in parking. This is called marshalling. pp. This course can be deployed as a combined ab-initio & refresher training. Before we look deeper into what airport ramp operations are and how are they undertaken with the help of aircraft ground support equipment, you should be familiar with the terminologies commonly used in industry. Page Numbering. Marshalling is very important for moving a large aircraft safely and accurately. 0000008105 00000 n Point both arms upward; move and extend arms outward to sides of body and point with wands to the direction of next signalman or taxi area. It may be as an alternative to, or additional to, radio communications between the aircraft and air traffic control. Procedure for Safe Ground Handling Practices - (Sample for Edition), Procedures for Safe Ground Handling Practices, Logistic: Airport Equipment And Facilities, Frankfinn Presentation on Aviation by Hricha Dhungel. Important note: The exam/assessment should be accessed after you have completed the course module. In case fuel hydrant pits are not available at the airport, an Aircraft Refueler Truck is used for the same purpose. Sometimes, the marshaller indicates directions to the pilot by driving a Follow-Me car. Marshalling is passing signature of a function to a different process which is on a different machine, and it is usually implemented by conversion of structured data to a dedicated format, which can be transferred to other processor systems (serialization / deserialization). Visual signalling between ground and aircraft, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Civil Aviation Organization, Flying Operations and Movement on the Ground, "Annex 2 - Rules of the Air - Tenth Edition". conducted in an Aircraft or Remote Pilot Station within their Area of Responsibility (AoR). Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. International Air Transport Association (IATA) 2023. Interactive marshalling signals can be found in the Windows format of the IGOM. 3 0 obj Join us in Istanbul for the World Cargo Symposium and contribute to moving Air Cargo forward. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is one of the widely used and preffered aircrafts which can be currently produced as a helicopter, fighter aircraft, balloon or glider. We use cookies to give you the best experience on our website. Using a marshalling area allows rapid clearing of the POE and makes aircraft/vessel loading space available for its primary purpose. It is a decision made by air traffic control of the airport. Savant Aero is no way affiliated with any aircraft manufacturers. This is where the concept of Turn Round Time (TRT) comes in. Reflective garments or vest containing high visibility colours (Reflective Vest) should be worn by personnel . 45-minute e-learning course. Raise arm with fist clenched horizontally in front of the face, then extend fingers. Raise arm and hand with fingers extended horizontally in front of the face, then clench fist. OCR PDF. Our team at AviationHunt is a group of aviation experts and enthusiasts. Acquire the new skills needed to meet the challenges of the road to recovery, from safety management to emergency planning and risk management. 0000003320 00000 n It may be as an alternative to radio communications between the aircraft and air traffic control. All equipment parked elsewhere is towed to the ramp to avoid any delays. Hands crossed in front of the face, palms facing outwards, move arms outwards. While passengers exit the aircraft, Belt Loaders (on narrow body aircrafts)andCargo Loaders (on wide body aircrafts)line up with the aircraft cargo compartments to start unloading passenger luggage, cargo consignments and Unit Load Devices (ULD). It has been developed to bring together pre-flight reference information of a lasting nature into a single primary document. 0000002790 00000 n This signal provides an indication by a person positioned at the aircraft wingtip, to the pilot/marshaller/push-back operator, that the aircraft movement on/off a parking position would be unobstructed. Fully extend arms and wands at a 90-degree angle to sides and, with palms turned down, move hands downwards. All rights reserved. 2 0 obj Move other arm in the same direction in a sweeping motion. The usual equipment of a marshaller is a reflective safety vest, a helmet with acoustic earmuffs . Credit: Chaleephoto at Shutterstock. Please contact us for more information. Do not move until receipt of thumbs up acknowledgment from the flight crew. In the United States there are varying levels of consistency when it comes to marshalling and, ultimately, not a great deal of importance is placed on marshalling procedures. How-ever, anything less than four inches is marginal. IATA Global Media Days took place 6-7 December in Geneva with some 100 journalists. Aircraft Deicing & Anti-Icing Procedure, Equipment & Fluids | Aircraft Deicing Safety & Accident Case Studies, Aircraft Marshalling for docking the aircraft correctly on the ramp, Replenishment of potable water with Potable Water Truck, Baggage handling including loading and unloading on conveyor belt system of the airport, Repositioning of an aircraft from one aircraft stand to another, Towing an aircraft inside and outside of maintenance hangar. 2.2. During aircraft docking, when the aircraft was rolling on the ramp and was approaching its stop position, an empty cargo container was ingested by the . Do not remove chocks until authorized by the flight crew. Do not disconnect power until authorized by the flight crew. The standard instrument of a marshaller is a reflective safety vest, a helmet with acoustic earmuffs, and gloves or marshalling wands-handheld illuminated beacons. Airport Development Reference Manual (ADRM), World Cargo Symposium 25 - 27 April, Trkiye, Aircraft Marshalling and Ramp Hand Signals. Pilots cannot keep the aircraft nosewheel precisely over the centerline nor stop the aircraft precisely at the designated stop position because they dont have a clear visual of these markings on ground. 0000000016 00000 n This signal is intended mainly for aircraft with a set of integral stairs at the front. Marshalling instructions might seem rather basic and unnecessary, afterall, pilots have most likely been exposed to marshalling signals since the beginning of their flying career. An aircraft maintainer renders a hand salute after marshalling a KC-135 Stratotanker off the parking ramp prior to takeoff. Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids, Chapter 9. We also use cookies for advertising purposes. xref The centerline and stop positions are determined after careful analysis of the airport layout and different aircraft types and sizes planned to be accommodated at different aircraft stands. Want to learn the basics of aircraft ground handling operations and ground support equipment? 58 35 Marshalling is one-on-one visual communication and a part of aircraft ground handling. 2 For the purposes of this Regulation near is deemed as less than 50 metres. Pilot communicates with the control tower and receives go ahead for approaching the runway for takeoff. In due course, these memoranda will either be incorporated into this manual or canceled. On aircraft carriers or helipads, marshallers give take-off and landing clearances to aircraft and helicopters, where the very limited space and time between take-offs and landings makes radio communications a difficult alternative. in a safe manner to prevent injury to persons and damage to aircraft. Moreover, the level of training of ground staff and size of team also play a role in determining how quickly all ramp operations are completed and aircraft is made ready for departure. Every ramp has a centerline painted on ground with the aim of keeping the aircraft nose wheel over it to properly orient and center the aircraft on the aircraft stand. MAJCOM's will ensure that all ground and a ll aircrew personnel who ar e or could be directly . Fully extend arms and wands at a 90-degree angle to sides and slowly move to above head until wands cross. As soon as an aircraft lands, air traffic control informs the Pilot of the allocated gate as well as the route to be taken to reach that gate. { DGGG! With arms down and wands toward the ground, wave either right or left wand up and down indicating engine(s) on left or right side respectively should be slowed down. Fly Net Zero is the commitment of airlines to achieve net zero carbon by 2050, bringing air transport in line with the Paris agreement to limit global warming to 1.5C. Appropriate technical order (TO) checklists will be used. Once you have started the assessment you can no longer access the course module. 4 0 obj The SlideShare family just got bigger. Once pilot gives go ahead for engagement of ground power, staff connects the Aircraft Ground Power Unit (AGPU) with the aircraft. $17 Hourly. Know the signal square markings. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Fixed Wing Aircraft Marshalling Poster. Excessive noise can cause hearing loss in marshallers, either imperceptibly over years or after a one-time acoustic trauma. It covers the shoulders and extends to the waist in the front and back. Environmental factors are monitored to ensure safety is maintained. In this course, you will learn the principles of nonverbal ramp communications between the ground and cockpit crew as well as guidance signals for safe operations of Ground Support Equipment (GSE) around the aircraft. These lines ensure safe separation between aircrafts parked on adjacent stands as well as safe separation between aircraft and the jet bridge (passenger boarding bridge). Airport Utility Pit Systems | In-Ground Pit Systems | How They Work? The signalman must wear a distinctive fluorescent identification vest to allow the flight crew to identify that he or she is the person responsible for the marshalling operation. With the left arm and wand extended at a 90-degree angle to the body, make the come ahead signal with the right hand. This advisory circular contains in~ormation and guidance for the servicing and ground handling of aircraft. Cross arms with wands downwards and in front of the body. ICAO publishes the correct marshalling instructions and procedures in ICAO Annex 2, appendix 1. 866.835.5322 (866-TELL-FAA)Contact Us, United States Department of Transportation, Aviation Safety Draft Documents Open for Comment, Airport Coronavirus Response Grant Program, Legislation & Policies, Regulations & Guidance, Certificated Remote Pilots including Commercial Operators, Recreational Flyers & Modeler Community-Based Organizations, Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Order the new edition of the IGOM today. "qU/vL :][98 _5,- When I first heard the term "Safety Management System," or . It is a part of an aircraft's ground handling. Required fields are marked *, document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a659b128f8acc2b9c27ab74b60afb2cb" );document.getElementById("a94d6095ef").setAttribute( "id", "comment" );Comment *. When an aircraft lands on the runway, it finally reaches a place commonly referred to as an airport gate where passengers deplane the aircraft. Fully extend arms and wands at a 90-degree angle to sides and, with palms turned up, move hands upwards. Few hours of practice outside the classroom will bring significant perfection. 0 7 3.2.1 Introduction: The Flight Line Supervisor will establish an operations center. 3, the starboard inner engine, and No. csrautosaved-151125192834-lva1-app6892.pdf VaradDesai5 . Fully extend arms and wands downwards at a 45-degree angle to sides. An operator must ensure that any person designated for marshalling and parking duties uses the standard hand signals set out in Appendix I. Do not move until receipt of thumbs up acknowledgment from the flight crew. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. . While these SOPs are designed to be relatively 0000005120 00000 n 0000003579 00000 n Air Traffic Procedures. A ground marshaller should be used as aircraft arrive and depart from parking spots. . Wing walkers are especially helpful when pulling or backing an aircraft into or out of a hangar. Order the new edition of the IGOM today. After successful connection of ground power is made, pilots turn off the jet engines and aircraft uses ground power to keep the critical onboard systems on. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Please read the General Information on Self-study exams. Aircraft marshalling is visual signalling between ground personnel and pilots on an airport, aircraft carrier or helipad. Experience. It serves as a reference for airlines and ground handling agencies to gauge the performance of their ramp services team and identify bottlenecks and areas where improvement is needed. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Aircraft ground handling is the servicing of anaircraftwhile it is on the ground and (usually) parked at aterminal gateof anairport. Raise hand just above shoulder height with the hand closed in a fist. 92 0 obj <>stream ^ a b Federal Aviation Administration (17 June 2021). The rate of signal motion indicates pilot the rate of aircraft turn. 2.2. However, some operations cannot be performed in parallel and it is important to sequence them properly. See Figure 2. 800 Independence Avenue, SW Theme: Newsup by Themeansar. handling an aircraft on ground as opposed to flying. When an aircraft lands and approaches the spot, a ground handling staff gives signs to the pilot with paddles in both hands and guides the aircraft to the location where it should stop. In the end, Jet bridge, ground power unit (AGPU) and Pre-conditioned air (PCA) unit remain engaged until boarding is completed for the next flight. Gate is a term that relates more to the interface between an aircraft and airport building i.e. procedures, as well as the runway and altimeter setting details. Access all media material developed for this major press conference. If you pay by bank transfer, please attach a copy of the bank transfer issued by the senders bank to each individuals order. 1 engine shall be the port outer engine, No. You should also follow your company policy and the requirements of the National Aviation Authority. Rules of the Air - Tenth Edition" (PDF). Watermark. aircraft marshalling M1 Illustrate the procedures used to bring an aircraft onto and o stand safely in di erent weather conditions D1 Analyse the consequences of non-compliance with regulations and safety checks when bringing an aircraft onto and o stand P2 Describe the dangers of carrying out marshalling duties [RL] It is the first ramp operation. Neural Radiance Fields & Neural Rendering.pdf. [2] In the United States noise limits at work are set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Aircrafts generally fly from destination to destination without long breaks. If you liked our article, dont forget to share it with likeminded friends and colleagues. j) Make sure you know about aerodrome lighting and markings. 0000004253 00000 n The Aircraft Commander of an Aircraft who is aware that the PDF for free. .2.1.10 FEET No Yes*Comply with aircraft and maintenance technical order . Ground handling operations are not limited to the ramp. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Follow. aircraft marshalling and ramp hand signals based on the iata standards in the airport handling . These machines are operated by properly trained personnel following standard procedures for carrying out the job with safety. Aircraft docking is the first ramp operation and safety during aircraft docking is one of the most important areas of ramp safety. When the aircraft approaches the aircraft stand (ramp), another important ground handling activity known as aircraft marshalling is performed. i) Know the procedures in the event of radio failure. startxref Raise fully extended arms straight above the head with wands pointing up. Point right arm with wand down and bring left arm from overhead vertical position to horizontal forward position, repeating left-arm movement. Mechanical icing in carburetors, engine air intakes, and fuel cells impairs engine performance, leading to reduction of power. When the aircraft approaches the aircraft stand (ramp), another important ground handling activity known as aircraft marshalling is performed. Procedures for Safe Ground Handling Practices 1. A lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Explore ; Templates . The rules, procedures, and guidelines in this document are to be considered as minimum . Pilots check the fuel level of the aircraft and make a decision about whether or not refueling is required. If Jet Bride is not available, mobile stairs are engaged to deplane the passengers. Aircraft marshalling refers to guiding the aircraft on the ramp with standardized hand signals by a specially trained ground staff known as aircraft . 0000007595 00000 n The whole process of parking is much more formal and is usually conducted without two way radio communication. Meanwhile, APotable Water Truckrefills the aircraft potable water tank and aLavatory Service Truckdrains the aircrafts waste tank so that it is ready for the next flight. 0000012071 00000 n Student performance will be based on an examination. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. 866.835.5322 (866-TELL-FAA) Contact Us. The ANO provides the foundation for a simpler and more proportionate . 4) You're taxiing into the ramp and you see this signal. Therefore, the time duration in which all servicing activities are completed on an aircraft can become a bottleneck in revenue generation. Handling An official website of the United States government Here's how you know. Bend extended arms at elbows and move wands up and down from waist to head. 6. %%EOF When operating internationally, however, it is unusual not to be assigned a taxi stand and greeted by escort vehicle who then guides the aircraft to a . We use cookies on this website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2022. 0000012140 00000 n When above activities are complete, anAir Start Unit (ASU)is used for one of the aircrafts main engines after which Pilots give go ahead to disconnect the ground power and pre-conditioned air while an aircraft pushback tractor gets into position. Share. 0000008585 00000 n The GA Unit. Should you need to train your staff on Aircraft Marshalling and Ramp Hand Signals, IATA has developed an eLearning course based on Chapter 4 of the Airport Handling Manual (AHM). Should you need to train your staff on Aircraft Marshalling and Ramp Hand . Volcanic Activity Reporting Form (VAR), Appendix 4. To stop rearward movement, use the signal Normal stop or Emergency stop. Customer & Ramp Airline Agents ,Charleston, SC / $17 per hour. Convert to PDF Word to PDF. However, neglecting to stay out of the engine inlet hazard areas or complacency working near operating engines can result in severe injury or death. <<8C997526CAF3EF4E81C300B0D5A791FB>]/Prev 137972>> Rely on sound guidance for developing airport infrastructure that balances capacity with demand and efficiently meets user requirements while keeping up with evolving technology. Ground handling operations and activities start before the arrival of the aircraft at the airport. Raise hand just above shoulder height with an open palm. Marshalling is visual communication that guides pilots to turn, slow down, stop, and shut down engines, leading the aircraft to its parking stand or runway. Hold arms fully extended above the head with finger tips of the right hand touching the open horizontal palm of the left hand (forming a T); then move right hand away from the left. For example, deplaning and catering replenishment are two ramp operations that cannot be performed simultaneously because replenishment of catering supplies requires movement of airline staff and trollies between aircraft and catering truck that is not possible until all passengers have left the plane. Your email address will not be published. USAF aircraft marshalling - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Registration and payment must be done through each User Account. At airports, the marshaller signals the pilot to keep turning, slow down, stop, and shut down engines, leading the aircraft to its parking stand or to the runway. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. %PDF-1.5 Landing/taking-off and starting of aircraft Marshalling, ground support and aircraft equipment selection and serviceability Procedures in the event of an aircraft fire, accident and emergency Aircraft operating restrictions in confined areas Security and access requirements Workplace procedures applicable to marshalling aircraft Pre-Conditioned Air (PCA) unitis connected for providing fresh conditioned air to keep the atmosphere inside the aircraft comfortable for passengers and crew. Click here to review the details. Access all media material developed for this major press conference. Despite efforts to standaridize aspects of aviation communication, such as terminology and language, hand signals used to guide aircraft on the ground still vary between various major organizations, such as the International Civil Aviation Organization[3] North Atlantic Treaty Organization,[1]:15 and the Federal Aviation Administration. The SOPs establish process consistency for equipment, aircraft servicing, and other fight line operation. Part-Time. Marshaller signals the pilot to keep coming forward, turn left, turn right and stop. Please type the text you see in the image into the text box and submit We also use cookies for advertising purposes. Please see ourprivacy policyandcookies policyfor complete information. 0000054581 00000 n The rate of signal motion indicates pilot the rate of aircraft turn. Procedure for Safe Ground Handling Practices 2. 3. 0000007031 00000 n Federal Aviation Administration. IATA Global Media Days took place 6-7 December in Geneva with some 100 journalists. This manual will take precedence when there are conflicting rules and procedures. | 0000009422 00000 n The first task in ground handling is assignment of airport gate to an arriving aircraft. Bend extended arms at elbows and move wands up and down from chest height to head. So, this was it from our side. <> TREGO DUGAN AVIATION OF GRAND ISLAND INC North Charleston, SC. Rotate PDF. Movement is conducted in a safe manner in accordance with workplace procedures. FAA National Headquarters (FOB10B), Mission Support Services Policy (AJV-P), United States Department of Transportation, Chapter 2. Ground Support Equipment (GSE) refers to specialized machines used for performing different servicing and support activities for the aircraft on ground. (T @Z:Vfc IY P+c1D;p=p+:p. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. ACTIVE. Safety in Aircraft Ground Handling | Why Airport Ramp Safety is an Important Topic in Aviation? Air Traffic Control. 3) You're getting ready to start your engine and you see this signal. &'cXg\ vC~J,gpN*vxqN Jqktf4Hgg\0z 9tj}elmRP5qQ _.YA,P8U:miOxAE:v0rN;4z(k&ihiF-i p&`@IDnP1!lhxzsB\pZn k&zU 7wK7 $wO>l!p. For smaller wheels and light aircraft, lesser heights may be adequate. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. 0000012248 00000 n Aircraft Maintenance Practices 02A Unit 72: Aircraft Maintenance Practices. We aim to provide the best aircraft maintenance practices, technology, and aviation safety tips. No 1332/2011 of 16 September 2011 - Airspace Usage Requirements and Operating Procedures for Airborne Collision . The Flight Line Supervisor should appoint a member of his team as Flight Line Administration Officer to expedite the flow of Ensuring eye contact with the flight crew, close hand into a fist. Maintain eye contact with flight crew until aircraft has begun to taxi. %PDF-1.3 % However, you may pay for multiple individuals by one credit card or bank transfer through each individuals User Account. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_marshalling&oldid=1123650118, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from January 2016, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 November 2022, at 22:32. Send your comments regarding this website. Extend the arm horizontally at a 90-degree angle to right side of the body. Assignment of airport gate is an apron management activity that also comes under the umbrella of airport management as a whole. 0000046328 00000 n The role of the aircraft marshaller is an important element of managing aircraft on the ramp. Convert & Compress. Twenty subjects repeated each of 24 gestures 20 times, resulting in 400 samples for each gesture class. Medical Facts for Pilots. The sooner the aircraft leaves the ramp for departure the better. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Tap here to review the details. An airplane does not rest. <> Hold arms fully extended above the head; open left hand horizontally and move finger tips of the right hand into and touch open palm of the left hand (forming a T). Marshalling, aircraft parking, and ancillary support equipment are positioned and used in accordance with manufacturer instructions and workplace procedures. For this purpose the aircraft engines shall be numbered as follows, No. It keeps flying from destination to destination. Airspace. We selected 24 NATOPS aircraft handling signals, the gestures most often used in routine practice on the deck environment. Raise right arm to head level with wand pointing up or display hand with thumbs up; left arm remains at the side by the knee. Hold right arm straight out at 90 degrees from shoulder and point wand down to the ground or display hand with thumbs down; left-hand remains at side by the knee. 3.1 RESPONSIBILITY FOR MARSHALLING AND PARKING AIRCRAFT. AF.mil does not provide printed posters but a PDF file of this poster is available for local printing. 2022 11 17. 0000004524 00000 n Towing Supervisor/ Vehicle Operator - The towing supervisor is in complete command of the towing operation and must be qualified for the vehicle. Updated: 1 Jul 2015. The aircraft marshaller provides the essential visual link to assist the flight crew in positioning the aircraft correctly and in ensuring airside . With arms and wands fully extended above head, move wands inward in a jabbing motion until wands touch. 0000003277 00000 n

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