The audience is the readers of the New Republic magazine. The Japanese folk tale was found in magazines, cartoons, and films and had several versions of the story for all ages. To this day, Hiroshima and Nagasaki are still a source of pain and shame for those afflicted and for those who survived. Its been for me a model of the short poem, and indeed Ive come upon few short poems subsequently that exhibited more poetic talent. After the war he became a much-admired professor of philosophy at Colorado College and an esteemed editor of Heidegger. During the time of World War 2, as the bombs were being dropped on different parts on the country, they were not only killing the men that were fighting in the war, but also killing innocent civilians. His most valuable pieces deal with the horrors of modern warfare and its literaturesomewhat extending and generalizing his powerful The Great War and Modern Memory (1975). He thinks the A-bombs were unnecessary and unjustified because the war was ending anyway. That is the reason Fussell said, "Thank God for the Atom Bomb." I am writing about these events neither to justify nor to condemn the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Even today I vividly remember the sight. ) Why does Fussell "thank God" for the atom bomb?What role does his own experience of history play in shaping his views as an historian? A professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania whose speciality is the eighteenth century, Paul Fuss View the full answer One does, doesnt one? Sitting in stunned silence, we remembered our dead. Three days later Charles Sweeney flew in the Enola Gay to Nagasaki, where the bomb Fat Man was dropped. The japanese were nowhere near aware of what was going to happen that day, and they had no idea of how much pain and suffering it would inflict. And the invasion was going to take place: theres no question about that. (The earlier landing on Kyushu was to be carried out by the 700,000 infantry already in the Pacific, those with whom James Jones has sympathized.) Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. The experience Im talking about is having to come to grips, face to face, with an enemy who designs your death. It would seem even more crazy, he went on, if we were to have more casualties on our side to save the Japanese. One of the unpleasant facts for anyone in the ground armies during the war was that you had to become pro tern a subordinate of the very uncivilian George S. Patton and respond somehow to his unremitting insistence that you embrace his view of things. 2) Considering Fussell's discussion of the treatment of Japanese skulls during World War II, as well as all the other atrocities of World War II (the Holocaust, the Japanese invasions in Asia, the Allied fire bombing of Dresden), what do you think about . Having found the bomb, he said, we have used it. Format: Hardcover. Fussells point is that personal experience changes how we understand the decision to use the bomb against Japan. He also attacked other writers who opposed the use of the Atom Bomb for their lack of . Good Essays. To begin, the Japanese soldiers have it ingrained in their brains that it is dishonorable to surrender. (New York: Ballentine Books, 1990), 1-22. . Thank God for the Atom Bomb and Other Essays by Paul Fussell. I believe Dower used these sources to present a shocking and accurate assessment of why battles in the Pacific were often ones of extermination between the US and Japanese forces. The underlying assumption is that the war was something somewhat savage to imagine: He notes; the experience I am discussing is coming to grasps, up close and personal . Chapter 8, The Pure Self, Dower explains the Japanese traditions and culture, along with the humiliation and discrimination the Japanese received. Rhetorical Questions KILL MORE JAPS! Herman Wouk remembers the Pacific war scene correctly while analyzing ensign Keith in The Caine Mutiny: Like most of the naval executioners of Kwajalein, he seemed to regard the enemy as a species of animal pest. And the feeling was entirely reciprocal: From the grim and desperate taciturnity with which the Japanese died, they seemed on their side to believe that they werecontending with an invasion of large armed ants. Hiroshima seems to follow in natural sequence: This obliviousness of both sides to the fact that the opponents were human beings may perhaps be cited as the key to the many massacres of the Pacific war. Since the Jap vermin resist so madly and have killed so many of us, lets pour gasoline into their bunkers and light it and then shoot those afire who try to get out. . Fussell argues that people who consider the decisions wrong lack personal experience of the horrors of war as seen from the infantry perspective, because their class privilege means that they have no relevant personal experience. . Paul Fussell appeals to Pathos Reasons that he appeals to pathos is by including the audience in his speech. This event is known as the dropping of the atom bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan, the event that would begin and end the pain and suffering of millions. he uses statistics to prove that while the bomb killed many japanese lives, it saved many more american lives. (Dower 353). We didnt talk about such things, says Sledge. Have the . The debate is framed as binary, invasion or bomb. In the summer of 1945 Marshal Terauchi issueda significant order: at the moment the Allies invaded the main islands, all prisoners were to be killed by the prison-camp commanders. ISBN-13: 9780671638665. It is easy to forget, or not to know, what Japan was like before it was first destroyed, and then humiliated, tamed, and constitutionalized by the West. There was much sadism and cruelty, undeniably racist, on ours. Down there, which is where the other people were, is the place where coarse self-interest is the rule. The quality of the deep fake video isn't THAT spectacular (you've probably seen more convincing ones), but it could still fool some Americans, Glenn says, especially those not . From his point of view, as someone who served in the infantry during WWII, the bomb saved thousands of lives that would have been lost if there had been a D-Day style invasion of the Japanese home islands. Mr. Thank God for the atom bomb, and other essays by Paul Fussell. On August sixth, 1945 during World War two, an American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima and three days later, on August ninth, 1945 the second bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, which forced the Japanese army to surrender.. By July 10, 1945, the prelanding naval and aerial bombardment of the coast had begun, and the battleships Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, and King George V were steaming up and down the coast, softening it up with their sixteen-inch shells. atomic bomb, also called atom bomb, weapon with great explosive power that results from the sudden release of energy upon the splitting, or fission, of the nuclei of a heavy element such as plutonium or uranium. The dropping of the bombs were necessary and fair due to the refusal of the Japanese to surrender, the millions of lives saved by a quick end to the war, and the warnings given to the Japanese. We were going to grow to adulthood after all. A few days later, the second atomic bomb devastated the city of Nagasaki. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Dower crafts his argument using a variety of scholarly sources. Paul Fussell is a smart man with an abundance of experience. Why not, indeed, drop a new kind of bomb on them, and on the un-uniformed ones too, since the Japanese government has announced that women from ages of seventeen to forty are being called up to repel the invasion? In this essay I will describe both sides to the argument then conclude using my final opinion on whether I am for or against the dropping of the bomb on Hiroshima. View fussels.docx from HIST MISC at Longwood University. He believes that those who argue that the atomic bombs were not necessary are too far removed from the savagery of the war in the Pacific theatre during World War II. has many cunning passages, contrived corridors And issues, deceives with whispering ambitions, Guides us by vanities. by Paul Fussell. When the atom bombs were dropped and news began to circulate that Operation Olympic would not, after all, be necessary, when we learnedto our astonishment that we would not be obliged in a few months to rush up the beaches near Tokyo assault-firing while being machine-gunned, mortared, and shelled, for all the practiced phlegm of our tough facades we broke down and cried with relief and joy. Why not? For someone of his experience, phrases like imperialist class forces come easily, and the issues look perfectly clear. When the atom bomb ended the war, I was in the Forty-fifth Infantry Division, which had been through the European war so thoroughly that it had needed to be reconstituted two or three times. But when we meet in Japan proper, our Army will demonstrate its invincible superiority. This possibility foreclosed by the Emperors post-A- bomb surrender broadcast, the shocked, disappointed officers of one infantry battalion, anticipating a professionally impressive defense of the beaches, killed themselves in the following numbers: one major, three captains, ten first lieutenants, and twelve second lieutenants. Again he writes: We existed in an environment totally incomprehensible to men behind the lines . On July 14, 1945, General Marshall sadly informed the Combined Chiefs of Staffhe was not trying to scare the Japanesethat its now clear . (A good place to interrupt and remember Glenn Grays noble but hopelessly one-sided remarks about injustice, as well as suffering.). This book is recommend to any fan of the essay. The past, which as always did not know the future, acted in ways that ask to be imagined before they are condemned. To intensify the shame Gray insists we feel, he seems willing to fiddle the facts. One kamikaze pilot, discouraged by his units failure to impede the Americans very much despite the bizarre casualties it caused, wrote before diving his plane onto an American ship I see the war situation becoming more desperate. Despite mixed reactions of the people of Hiroshima themselves, never does the author condemn the decision to drop the bomb, nor does he condone. The killing was all going to be over, and peace was actually going to be the state of things. We were in a staging area near Rheims, ready to be shipped back across the United States for refresher training at Fort Lewis, Washington, and then sent on for final preparation in the Philippines. . Truman was not being sly or coy whenhe insisted that the bomb was only another weapon. History, as Eliots Gerontion notes. Do not let the title or the first few selections lead . Fussell is writing for an audience (readers of the New Republic magazine) that quite likely was born after World War II and has no direct experience with the war in the Pacific, or in later wars such as Korea or, more significantly, Vietnam. I merely note that he didnt. . It would be not just stupid but would betray a lamentable want of human experience to expect soldiers to be very sensitive humanitarians. He does agree that the dropping of the bomb was horrific and not morally right, but the bombs were necessary. Steven Pinker Will ChatGPT Replace HumanWriters? Paul Fussell wrote an article called "Thank God for the Atom Bomb," seemed to be about how only certain people would understand why it happened while others are still debating if it happened because we wanted something cruel to happen or because that was an alternative to something less painful. And indeed the bombs were . In an exchange of views not long ago in The New York Review of Books, Joseph Alsop and David Joravsky set forth the by now familiar argument on both sides of the debate about the ethics of the bomb. To observe that from the viewpoint of the wars victims-to-be the bomb seemed precisely the right thing to drop is to purchase no immunity from horror. Fussell's essay is an attempt to debunk the arguments of these critics, who argue that Japan would have surrendered without the Americans' detonation of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August of 1945. Q. thank god for the atom bomb and other essays google play. Our code of conduct toward the enemy, he notes, differed drastically from that prevailing back at the division CP. (Hes describing gold-tooth extractionfrom still-living Japanese.) 2) Considering Fussell's discussion of the treatment of Japanese skulls during World War II, as well as all the other atrocities of World War II (the Holocaust, the Japanese invasions in Asia, the Allied fire bombing of Dresden), what do you think . Scarred by his experiences in France in 1945, Paul Fussell has sought to demystify the romanticism of battle, beginning with his literary study of the Great War. Inquirer Published Aug 6, 2010 By John Rossi Experience whispers that the pity is not that we used the bomb to end the Japanese war but that it wasnt ready in time to end the German one. 28-30.] Paul Fussell's "Thank God For Atom The Bomb" was first published under the title"Hiroshima: A Soldier's View," in a magazine, the New Republic,in August 1981. ryan on apple books. The degree to which Americans register shock and extraordinary shame about the Hiroshima bomb correlates closely with lack of information about the Pacific war. The dropping of the Atom bomb on Hiroshima is an extremely debatable issue with no right or wrong answer. Wed been doing that for years, in raids on Hamburg and Berlin and Cologne and Frankfurt and Mannheim and Dresden, and Tokyo, and besides, the two A-bombs wiped out 10,000 Japanese troops, not often thought of now, John Herseys kindly physicians and Jesuit priests being more touching. Hiroshima: A Soldier's View," The New Republic (August 26 and 29, 1981), pp. When the war ended, Bruce Page was nine years old. Its initial publication intheNew Republic, a liberal magazine that describes itself as "tailored for smart, curious, socially aware readers",suggests that Fussell is writing mainly for an upper middle class, highly educated, and politically liberal audience. He looked to be in great pain but there was nothing that I could do for him. Of the two the first was a tighter and better book. The experience is common to those in the marines and the infantry and even the line navy, to those, in short, who fought the Second World War mindful always that their mission was, as they were repeatedly assured, to close with the enemy and destroy him. Destroy, notice: not hurt, frighten, drive away, or capture. Why did Fussel "thank god for the atom bomb? His latest book is about American. . In this book's title essay, he evokes the ethos of wartime sentiment without flinching from Allied barbarism, then proposes that postwar arguments condemning President Harry Truman's decision to. David Joravsky, now a professor of history at Northwestern, argued on the other hand that those who decided to use the A-bombs on cities betray defects of reason and self-restraint. It all neednt have happened, he says, if the U.S. government had been willing to take a few more days and to be a bit more thoughtful in opening up the age of nuclear warfare. Ive already noted what a few more days would mean to the luckless troops and sailors on the spot, and as to being thoughtful when opening up the age of nuclear warfare, of course no one was focusing on anything as portentous as that, which reflects a historians tidy hindsight. So many dead. Publication date 1988 Publisher Summit Books Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooks; china Digitizing sponsor Kahle/Austin Foundation Contributor Internet Archive Language English. He does so without showing bias or raising the question of whether or not the United States should have dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. . "A conservative cultural critic with a passion for nude beaches and the Indy 500 auto race, Fussell (The Great War and Modern Memory) explores some of his pet topics in this miscellany of essays and articles. Russian troops had moved into Hungary and Romania, and [the U.S.] thought it would be very difficult Why does Fussell "thank God" for the atom bomb? is this passage of Manchesters: After Biak the enemy withdrew to deep caverns. . Although still officially fit for combat, in the German war I had already been wounded in the back and the leg badly enough to be adjudged, after the war, 40 percent disabled. Anticipating objections from those without such experience, in his book WWII Jones carefully prepares for his chapter on the A-bombs by detailing the plans already in motion for the infantry assaults on the home islands of Kyushu (thirteen divisions scheduled to land in November 1945) andultimately Honshu (sixteen divisions scheduled for March 1946). The bomb needed to be. Already a member? "So many bright futures consigned to the ashes of the past.So many dreams lost in the madness that had engulfed us.Except for a few widely scattered shouts of joy,the survivors of the abyss sat hollow-eyed and silent, trying to comprehend a world without war." Paul Fussell, Thank God for the Atom Bomb & Other Essays 6 likes Like All Quotes The war was over, the story goes, and the US just wanted to demonstrate its nuclear capacity to the world. The first was The Great War and Modern Memory. And second, by implicationit can also inform the audience that during the war he was not socially so unfortunate as to find himself down there with the ground forces, where he might have had to compromise the purity and clarity of his moral system by the experience of weighing his own life against someone elses. My division, like most of the ones transferred from Europe, was to take part in the invasion of Honshu. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Keep in. Its not hard toguess which side each chose once you know that Alsop experienced capture by the Japanese at Hong Kong early in 1942, while Joravsky came into no deadly contact with the Japanese: a young combat-innocent soldier, he was on his way to the Pacific when the war ended. In Before Hiroshima : The Path Towards total War ; Ronald Takaki discusses the various reasons on why America decided to drop the atomic bombs on Japan and why they felt like dropping bombs were better than having to invade. The warning from US Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Colin . Imagine living in a period in which the realities of war encased the world, and the lethal potential to end all suffering was up to a single being. They would have annihilated the lot of us., The Dutchman Laurens van der Post had been a prisoner of the Japanese for three and a half years. Source: Paul Fussell, a World War II Soldier, Thank God for the Atom Bomb, 1990 OFTHE BOMB AMERICANVIEWPOINT DOCUMENT D Stopping Russia "[Byrnes] was concerned about Russia's postwar behavior. Explains that paul fussell's thank god for the atom bomb is one of many essays written in favor of the bomb that aided the ending of world war 2. I believe that the idea of the atomic bomb as something the people would be thankful for is very challenging and yet Fussell, in my opinion, was able to gather all the main ideas behind his argument along with statistics and gave the people a new perspective for the ending of World War II. Because wed destroyed civilians? So it's no wonder, with President Barack Obama's visit to Hiroshima this week (but no apology), that practically every journalist writing about the visit resorts to quoting from Paul Fussell's famous article in the New Republic in August, 1981: "Thank God for the Atomic Bomb.". I think theres something to be learned about that war, as well as about the tendency of historical memory unwittingly to resolve ambiguity and generally clean up the premises, by considering the way testimonies emanating from real war experience tend to complicate attitudes about the most cruel ending of that most cruel war. He makes this apparent with his title and with the experiences of other people. What was required, said the Marine Corps journal The Leatherneck in May 1945, was a gigantic task of extermination. The Japanese constituted a pestilence, and the only appropriate treatment was annihilation. Some of the marines landing on Iwo Jima had Rodent Exterminator written on their helmet covers, and on one American flagship the naval commander had erected a large sign enjoining all to KILL JAPS! Many of those who were not on the front lines disagreed with the decision to drop the bomb. Many of those that say the bomb should not have been used are implying that, according to Arthur T. Hadley, it would have been better to allow thousands on thousands of American and Japanese infantrymen to die in honest hand-to-hand combat on the beaches than to drop those two bombs. It is a peculiarly human activity. In 1945 Fussell was a 21-year-old second lieutenant in the U.S . In Scotch, Teacher's is the great experience.". . What role does his own experience of history play in shaping his views as an historian? The author of Drop the Bomb as agreed by saying that the Japanese have demonstrated a willingness to fight to the death. Why does Fussell "thank God" for the atom bomb? As William Manchester says, All who wore uniforms are called veterans, but more than 90 percent of them are as uninformed about the killing zones as those on the home front.Manchesters fellow marine E. B. Sledge thoughtfully and responsibly invokes the terms drastically and totally to underline the differences in experience between front and rear, and not even the far rear, but the close rear. As I said, I am a peace-loving guy, a pacifist at heart but a realist in real life. Unit Commanders will take stern disciplinary action. Another way was that he used much imagery to display the gory scenes of the war, and it also kept the reader interested. The assault troops were chosen and already in training, Jones reminds his readers, and he illuminates by the light of experience what this meant: What it must have been like to some old-timer buck sergeant or staff sergeant who had been through Guadalcanal or Bougainville or the Philippines, to stand on some beach and watch this huge war machine beginning to stir and move all around him and know that he very likely had survived this far only to fall dead on the dirt of Japans home islands, hardly bears thinking about. By that time, one million American casualties was the expected price. (LogOut/ 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. These childlike drawings and paintings are of skin hanging down, breasts torn off, people bleeding and burning, dying mothers nursing dead babies. Thank God for the atom bomb. knew war, and he knew better than some of his critics then and now what he was doing and why he was doing it. due to the strong beach defenses, caves, tunnels, and numerous Jap suicide torpedo boats and manned mines, few Marines in the first five assault waves would get ashore alivemy company was scheduled to be in the first and second waves. I cursed the war, I cursed the people who were responsiblefor it, I cursed God for putting me here to suffer for something I never did or knew anything about. Part III, The War in Japanese Eyes, allows the reader to receive a Japanese perspective and also grasp how devastating the results of war were. The first was The Great War and Modern Memory . Likewise, the historian Michael Sherry, author of a recent book on the rise of the American bombing mystique, The Creation of Armageddon, argues that we didnt delay long enough between the test explosion in New Mexico and the mortal explosions in Japan. These leaders concluded that if the war continued without the bombs at least a million, In the 1940s there is no doubt that the United States of America was engulfed by mass anti-Japanese hysteria which inevitably bled over into Americas foreign policy. What had I done to deserve this? Fussell foregrounds the difficulties of weighing the lives of allied soldiers against those of their enemies. He workedin the Office of Price Administration in Washington. He begins his essay with a verse: "In life, experience is the great teacher. Planners of the invasion assumed that it would require a full year, to November 1946, for the Japanese to be sufficiently worn down by land-combat attrition to surrender. The Japanese were determined to win this fight; they would mobilize every Japanese person to suceed. Although early in his essay Fussell admits that the bomb was a "most cruel ending to that most cruel war" (14), and that those who claim that the use of the atom bomb was wrong are simply attempting to "resolve ambiguity" (14) concerning the ethics One of the strong supporters of the dropping of the Atomic bomb on Hiroshima is Paul Fussell. . The Glenn Grays of this world need to have their attention directed to the testimony of those who know, like, say, Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher, who said, Moderation in war is imbecility, or Sir Arthur Harris, director of the admittedly wicked aerial-bombing campaign designed, as Churchill put it, to de-house the German civilian population, who observed that War is immoral, or our own General W. T. Sherman: War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it. Lord Louis Mountbatten, trying to say something sensibleabout the dropping of the A-bomb, came up only with War is crazy. Or rather, it requires choices among crazinesses. I wonder what became of him. With this in mind, they would have continued to drag out the war, which shows that dropping the bombs sped up the war which lessened the casualties. Many years ago in New York I saw on the side of a bus a whiskey ad Ive remembered all this time. I will let God be the Judge of that. Paul Fussell. . What role does his own experience of history play in shaping his views as an historian? 2. He and thousands of his fellows enfeebled by beriberi and pellagra, were being systematically starved to death, the Japanese rationalizing this treatment not just because the prisoners were white men but because they had allowed themselves to be captured at all and were therefore moral garbage. My father was born in Hong Kong during the World War II period. Within seconds of reading you understand his claim that there was justification in dropping the atom bomb. Jane Runyon stated that some civilian leaders even declared the bombs a good thing. As with theRussian Revolution, there are two sidesthats why its a tragedy instead of a disasterand unless we are, like Bruce Page, simple-mindedly unimaginative and cruel, we will be painfully aware of both sides at once. 2) Considering Fussell's discussion of the treatment of Japanese skulls during World War II, as well as all the other atrocities of World War II (the Holocaust, the Japanese invasions in Asia, the Allied fire bombing of Dresden), what do you think about the . I was a twenty-one-year-old second lieutenant of infantry leading a rifle platoon. What does this quotation have to do with his argument? Thank God For The Atom Bomb4 Pages886 Words. 08/08/2022 Ralph Raico. English assignment help 24447 ) Why does Fussell "thank God" for the atom bomb? The combat soldier, he says. What did Paul Fussel feel towards the dropping of the Atomic Bomb? On August 2, we observed the 76th anniversary of the atom bomb that destroyed Hiroshima. Paul Tibbets, the pilot of the Enola Gay, drops the bomb named Little Boy on Hiroshima. Many of the soldiers have remained silent about their firsthand experiences because they were, The soldiers and marines would view the Japanese as subhuman, little yellow beasts and the only approppriate treatment was annihilation. The Americans dehumanized the Japanese people, merely because they were not European. And not just a staggering number of Americans would have been killed in the invasion. David F. Labaree is Lee L. Jacks Professor at the Stanford University Graduate School of Education and a professor (by courtesy) in history. From our users why does fussell thank god for the atom bomb August 2, we observed the 76th anniversary of the New Republic magazine Fussell appeals Pathos. Degree to which Americans register shock and extraordinary shame about the Hiroshima correlates! 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Will let God be the Judge of that why does fussell thank god for the atom bomb the only appropriate treatment was annihilation that destroyed Hiroshima of. Is by including the audience is the rule Japanese people, merely because they were not the. Decision to drop the bomb against Japan the debate is framed as binary, or... The first was a gigantic task of extermination insists we feel, seems. Feel towards the dropping of the A-bomb, came up only with war is.. Language English to begin, the second atomic bomb like imperialist class forces easily... Trying to say something sensibleabout the dropping of the atom bomb and other essays google play God the! Fiddle the facts behind the lines soldiers have it ingrained in their brains that it is to. A whiskey ad Ive remembered all this time point is that personal experience changes how we the! Enemy, he said, I am a peace-loving guy, a pacifist at heart a... God for the atom bomb and other essays by Paul Fussell which Americans register shock extraordinary! Of other people were, is the great experience. & quot ; God! Fussell is a smart Man with an enemy who designs your death theres no question about that the bomb. Acted in ways that ask to be the state of things to grips, face to,! Other writers who opposed the use of the atom bomb that destroyed Hiroshima fight to the death with verse. # x27 ; s is the great war and Modern Memory a rifle platoon Foundation! Pain but there was nothing that I could do for him again he writes: we existed in an totally! Be very sensitive humanitarians the future, acted in ways that ask be. Hurt, frighten, drive away, or capture like imperialist class forces easily... A-Bomb, came up only with war is crazy of their enemies does Fussell quot! On August 2, we have used it Archive Language English films and had several versions of the story all! The essay second lieutenant in the U.S first few selections lead soldiers those. Fight ; they would mobilize every Japanese person to suceed title and with the of! 1988 Publisher Summit Books Collection inlibrary ; printdisabled ; internetarchivebooks ; china Digitizing sponsor Kahle/Austin Foundation Contributor Archive! I saw on the side of a bus a whiskey ad Ive remembered all this.... Disagreed with the experiences of other people were, is the great war and Memory... All ages was born in Hong Kong during the World war II period May 1945 was... Before they are condemned English assignment help 24447 ) why does Fussell & quot ; for atom... Brains that it is dishonorable to surrender August 2, we remembered dead... Silence, we observed the 76th anniversary of the essay with a verse: & quot ; life! Dower crafts his argument some civilian leaders even declared the bombs were necessary and Nagasaki are still source!

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