Transylvania in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Map depicting the local autonomies in the Kingdom of Hungary during the 13th century (blue grey denotes Transylvanian Saxon autonomous medieval seats/territories). For more than a hundred years starting in the 2nd century, the region in what is now Romania-comprised of the Transylvanian Basin and the lands to the south-was the Roman province of Dacia.Prior to this, the region had been settled by Indo-Europeans, which the Greeks called the Getae, who then intermingled with other tribes that the Romans . Hrman (German: Honigberg) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church. these personal identifiers became, Einige Forscher denken das die Bedeutungen von Nachnamen von wenigen Wert sind, Alarmed by the knights' rapidly expanding power, in 1225 King Andrew II expelled the Teutonic Order from Transylvania permanently, which henceforth relocated to Prussia in 1226, although the colonists remained in Burzenland. The Saxons remaining in Romania are represented by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR), the political platform that gave Romania its fifth president, Klaus Iohannis, who was firstly elected in 2014 and then re-elected by a landslide in 2019. However, the Habsburgs still promoted Roman Catholicism to the Saxons during the Counter-Reformation. . Glck in Romanian Saxon villages might be tiny, but the churches are mighty. Due to this emigration from Romania the population of Saxons is dwindling. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA Diarsipkan 2021-01-22 di Wayback Machine. John the Saxon), Johannes Benkner (a former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), or Astrid Fodor (current mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt). Obwohl die Deutungen nur genaue Ausknfte ber den The Saxon Lutheran Church, a focal point of Saxon politics, lost 55% of its lands, and many towns lost over 50% of their private property (Gndisch 1). In the process of fortifying the borders of the Kingdom of Hungary to the east, they were early on helped by the Teutonic Knights. Nowadays, organisations representing the Transylvanian Saxons exist in Romania, Germany, Austria, Canada, and the United States (in the latter case most notably 'Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons'). . Other traditional Transylvanian Saxon dishes include: The Transylvanian Saxon dialect (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch or simply just Sksesch; German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch) is a very conservative and rather archaic German dialect that has evolved throughout the passing of time relatively isolated from other German dialects (apart, most notably, from Transylvanian Landler). [16] Later on, the Saxons needed to further fortify both their rural and urban settlements against invading Ottomans (or against the invading and expanding Ottoman Empire). Janosch m German (Modern), Transylvanian Saxon. "sparks" for a smith), personal characteristics Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen [50][51] Another traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is palukes. Liste von Ortschaften in . The legal foundation of their settlement in southern, southeastern, and northeastern Transylvania was officially stipulated within the Diploma Andreanum (German: Der Goldener Freibrief der Siebenbrger Sachsen, English: The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, Romanian: Carta de aur a sailor transilvneni) issued by King Andrew II of Hungary which allocated them the royal land (Romanian: Pmntul criesc or Pmntul regal) under local autonomy known as Knigsboden or Fundus Regius in Latin. German merchants arrived in the 12th century to help defend the region against the Tatars and Turks. [13] Later on, they had to further strengthen their hometowns and rural settlements against the expanding Ottoman Empire which posed a major threat from the south. Alongside the Zipser Germans (also sometimes known or referred to as Zipser Saxons), the Transylvanian Saxons are one of the two eldest German-speaking and ethnic German groups in Central-Eastern Europe, having continuously been living there since the High Middle Ages onwards. [14] As per the latest Romanian census conducted in 2022, their numbers are even fewer, as those of the entire German community in Romania as well. . In 2017, after years of international travel, Marlene Stanciu and her partner Alex Herberth, who both have maternal Saxon heritage, moved to the large Saxon village of Cincu (Groschenk in German) to live in the former home of Stancius Saxon grandparents. At the same time, especially after Romania's accession into NATO and the EU, many Transylvanian Saxons are returning from Germany, reclaiming property lost to the former communist regime and/or starting up small and medium-sized enterprises. Although the Hungarian control over Transylvania was defeated by Austrian and Imperial Russian forces in 1849, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich) between Austria and Hungary in 1867 did not represent a positive transformation for the political rights of the Saxons. ABRABANEL ( , -br-b-nel ): Variant of the Spanish-Jewish surname Abravanel , meaning "little Abraham ," a personal name meaning "father of a multitude." Isaac Abrabanel (1437-1508), was a Jewish scholar and statesman. Heading into Saxon Transylvania is to get a glimpse into ancient rural Europe. As Hungarian subjects before World War I, German-speaking Transylvanian elites, predominantly Lutheran clergy and professionals, and known locally as the Literati,1 protected their cultural, political, and economic interests under . Stephan Ludwig Roth, intellectual, Evangelic Lutheran pastor, revolutionary. 9. For example, one of the traditions held was the "Neighborhood" (German: Nachbarschaften) in which many households formed a small supporting community. . Ihrer Suche! As a result, today only approximately 12,000 Saxons remain in Romania.[20]. Erkennungsnamen haben, und diese Erkennungsnamen konnten verndert Further or subsequent waves of German colonists in Transylvania also stemmed from more southern regions of present-day Germany such as Thuringia or even Bavaria (the latter particularly valid for the Saxons in northeastern Transylvania). When people lived in small groups, they didn't need permanent surnames as we The earliest text in Transylvanian Saxon was written by Johannes Trster in 1666.[56]. [47][48] This particular pastry is still served in restaurants and bakeries in southern Transylvania, particularly in Braov and Sibiu counties, where, historically, there had been a more significant Transylvanian Saxon ethnic presence compared to the other counties across Transylvania. This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. Herberth, just like his ancestors would have, even brings raw wood by horse and cart from the local forest, which he says incurs far less waste and is more environmentally friendly. Pejmer and its shelter rooms. place-related (current dwelling location, former International, Foreign, Meanings They can be perceived as being quite related to the Zipser Saxons from present-day Slovakia (as well as other historical regions of contemporary Romania, namely Maramure and Bukovina) given the fact they are two of the oldest ethnic German groups in non-native German-speaking Central and Eastern Europe. The PREM project final report a cultural heritage and development project in the Transylvania Region, Romania. The patronymic surnames were derived largely from the Norman given names and the early Christian saints' names. In a small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt. The most common names are Petru (11, 10.9%), Radu (8, 7.9%), and Stefan (8, 7.9%). Today, relatively few still live in Romania, where the second last official census (carried out in 2011) indicated 36,042 Germans, out of which only 11,400 were of Transylvanian Saxon descent. As a result of these agreements, approximately 95% of the members of the German ethnic group who were fit for military service (Transylvanian Saxons and Banat Swabians) voluntarily enrolled into the Waffen-SS units (approximately 63,000 people), with several thousand serving in the special units of the SS Security Service (SD-Sonderkommandos), of which at least 2,000 ethnic Germans were enrolled in the concentration camps (KZ-Wachkompanien), of which at least 55% served in extermination camps, predominantly in Auschwitz and Lublin. Gert-Werner Liess lists a series of expressions used in the Zeiden dialect along with a standard German translation and an explanation of their meaning. extensive inner and outer walls and a fortified watch tower). [27] In these regards, the Saxon title could have been awarded to someone who was a non-native German speaker as well. In comparative linguistics, Transylvanian Saxon is a West Central German dialect that is part of the Moselle Franconian branch. "Transylvanian-Saxons: a very brief introduction on their history", "Saii sibieni care dein recordul la atragerea de fonduri europene", "Romnii, n Transilvania, pe urmele Prinului Charles; strinii, pe urmele tradiiilor pierdute", "Strinii ne dau bani pentru a salva patrimoniul Romniei", "Safeguarding the Saxon Heritage in Transylvania. Display. Aside from the Saxon seats, there had also been two districts, namely Bistritz/Bistria and Kronstadt/Braov, which had the following territorial extent, as depicted in the maps below: Along with the Teutonic Order, other religious organizations important to the development of German communities were the Cistercian abbeys of Igrisch (Igri) in the Banat region respectively Kerz (Cra) in Fogaraschland (ara Fgraului). Transylvanian Churchbooks. mi.). Prejmer is the largest fortified church in southeastern Europe and among the most impressive Saxon citadels. The tracht looks like a garment from a bygone era, and, with the changes the Saxon community has faced over the past few decades, to some degree it is. THE TRANSYLVANIAN SAXONS IN 1848 The Germans of Transylvania, commonly called the Saxons, settled in the 12th and 13th centuries between Orastie and Brasov in the southeast and in the northeast around Bistrita. Today it is mostly known as the pseudonym of the German children's book author and illustrator . Geni requires JavaScript! Of the 101 people, 55 had surnames (54.4%). "devotee of"). It is an attachment felt by many with roots in this ancient community. beschreiben oder auch ihre Persnlichkeit und Manierismen). Most Common Romanian Surnames Hochdeutsch), for example '' (or dumpfes a as it is known in standard German) which is pronounced as in Norwegian or Danish. Additionally, it is equally important to mention the fact that the family name 'Sas' or 'Sasu' in Romanian and 'Szsz' respectively in Hungarian could denote both an ethnic lineage as well as a social liaison to the Saxon title awarded in Transylvania during the High Middle Ages. . The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (Jerman) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (Jerman) ), Die SS nach 1945: Entschuldungsnarrative, populre Mythen, europische Erinnerungsdiskurse, Paul Milata, Motive rumniendeutscher Freiwilliger zum Eintritt in die Waffen-SS in Die Waffen-SS, Neue Forschungen, Series; Krieg in der Geschichte, "SZAB M. ATTILA - Betekints az erdlyi szszok autonmijba", "Hencles reteta de lichiu sasesc cu unt, oua, smantana", "DESTINAII CU GUST Sibiu: Aperitive sseti - cornulee cu carne", "Brodelawend ciorb tradiional sseasc", "Hinweise zur Schreibung der siebenbrgisch-schsischen Ortsnamen", "Transylvanian Saxon (Siweberjesch Sksesch)", "Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (Siebenbrgen-Lied)", "Curriculum vitae Prof. univ. The anthem is also known as Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (literally Transylvania, land of blessings).[57]. The Transylvanian Saxons represented one of the three nations that made up the Transylvanian feudal system. Emperor Joseph II attempted to revoke the Unio Trium Nationum in the late 18th century. Even though Transylvania is today a part of Romania, historically it belonged to various medieval rulers. 18ten Jahrhunderten von anderen Gegenden zu diesem Gebiet, Beside the home-grown surnames, the list of Transylvanian names also includes the surnames curiosity factor. The initial phase of German settlement in Transylvania began in the mid and mid-late 12th century, with colonists travelling to and residing in what would later become known in standard German as Altland (i.e. Old Town Braov one of the most beautiful medieval towns in Romania. The Saxons first arrived in Romanias Transylvania region in the 12th Century from areas that today constitute Germany, France, Belgium and Luxembourg. It was written and composed in the mid 19th century. The word means 'god-given' or ' gift of God .'. Sibiu - the Cultural Capital of Transylvania and a fine example of 14th and 15th centuries urban planning. The earliest religious organization of the Saxons was the Provostship of Hermannstadt (now Sibiu), founded 20 December 1191. Schuster emigrated to West Germany in 1984 after being sold by the Romanian government to the West German state. Today, Romanias Saxon population is around just 12,000, most of whom are elderly. . of those who, Noch eine Eigenheit von schsischen Namen ist das Vorherrschen von, Another peculiarity of Saxon names is the prevalence of 8. Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialects, they were collectively known as Saxons because of Germans working for the Hungarian chancellery. She named it Casa Anna (Annas House) after her great aunt, who Zakel admired as a strong and confident woman who worked as the local village tailor. It was used in writing to some text extent from then on, although High German was also used as a written language, and by the 19th century High German was the main written language used by Transylvanian Saxons. It also shares some identical dishes with the Austrian cuisine such as cremeschnitte (which has also been traditionally served in Bukovina as well). Use the drop-down list to select a specific part of the site. They are still used in the Lativan diaspora. Maier. Samuel von Brukenthal, former Habsburg governor of Transylvania. To download a copy, please contact hello@wikitongues.org.Th. This 1955 circa photo shows, in addition to the building exterior, a garden added in 1953 and a memorial to Veterans added in 1955. job, eg. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. (Bhlau Verlag, Kln), 1976. . Anglo-Saxons often named their child by combining parts of the names of the parents. Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). Their region was called the Szszfld (Hungarian: Saxon Lands) or Kirlyfld (Royal Lands). The surname Barbaneagra is composed of two words: "barba", which means beard, and "neagra", which is the Romanian form for "negru", meaning black. The landscape is dotted by haystacks that look as though they belong to a Brothers Grimm fairy tale. Those areas pertained to the neighbouring and emerging Romanian medieval principalities of Moldavia (to the east) and Wallachia (to the south). : Out of 25 ancestral surnames, 12 or 13 look German: 1) Neumann . Nearly 200,000 Romanians have this surname. After Sighisoara walking tour, we will head for the fortified church in the traditional Saxon village of Viscri . Other resolutions: 320 213 pixels | 640 427 pixels | 1,024 683 pixels | 1,280 853 pixels | 2,560 1,707 pixels. The initial waves of Transylvanian Saxons were referred to as hospites flandrenses et teutonici or primi hospites regni in Latin,[12] literally "the Flemish and Teutonic guests" or "the first guests of the kingdom" (i.e. I have been searching for such for a while, but to no avail, and I really am keen on studying it, either by reading material written in the language or reading anything that goes into detail about the . It is believed to have Jute origin. Romanian-language map depicting the total territorial extent of the Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern Transylvania. About. Nachnamen sind heute wichtig Individuellen und Familien ber Zeit zu identifizieren. Familienanzeigen der Jede Person in einer Familie konnte einen anderen beschreibenden Although they remained a rich and influential group, the Saxons were no longer a dominant class within Modern Age Transylvania. But while scores of friends and family embarked on their migration to other lands, mostly Germany and Austria, Linzing remained in Malancrav along with generations of elderly family members who were too old to consider uprooting themselves from their ancestral homeland. I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. Its 2018 U.S. Census population estimate is 34,215. While many Saxon buildings these days have been insensitively renovated, or are in various stages of neglect, the architectural complex in Cincor which includes the fortified church, the large parish house, the former Saxon school and a typical Saxon peasant house has been traditionally restored by Schuster and her husband and now operates as guesthouses. The church bells slowly toll and the smell of fresh roses permeates the air as 25 local Saxons, both young and old, file into the 14th-Century fortified church for Sunday morning prayers. The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. In 1989, still 95,000 Saxons lived in Romania (approx. These fortified churches, or kirchenburgen as they are known in standard German, had defensive capacities in the event of a foreign attack on a rural Transylvanian Saxon community (e.g. z.B. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. The letters f and h only appear in loanwords. . Stephan Ludwig Roth, an Evangelical Lutheran pastor and intellectual who led the German support for Romanian political rights, eventually opposed the unification of Transylvania with Hungary and was executed by the Hungarian military tribunal during the revolution. " Popa - This surname means "priest" and has roots in both Romanian and Slavic. They lived from about the year 550 until 1066, although a small fraction survived after that. [41][42][43] About 15% of the Romanian ethnic Germans who served in the Waffen-SS died in the war, with only a few thousand survivors returning to Romania.[44]. The process of emigration continued during communist rule in Romania. Church keeper Hildegard Linzing and her family all speak in the Saxon dialect when they are at home (Credit: Stephen McGrath). A common interpretation of the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, dated to 26 June 1284 and recorded in Hamelin records that (the earliest of such records dating from 1384: "It is 100 years since our children left") when a group of 130 children from the town of Hamelin (German: Hameln), in present-day Lower Saxony, were led away from their hometown by a piper (who may be a folk memory of a lokator) is that this related to an emigration event as part of the Ostsiedlung (i.e. Gergely Szilvay. Trgu Neam), they could have been equally helped in establishing it by the Teutonic Knights. However, over the past few decades the community has all but vanished from the region decimated by one of modern Europes greatest ethnic migrations. sources for similar lists for other villages. Saxons in Wallachia also settled in Rmnic (i.e. The first superintendent of the Saxons Evangelical Church, Paul Wiener, was elected by Saxon pastors at a synod on 6 February 1553.[28]. The predominantly German-populated Hermannstadt was a noteworthy cultural center within Transylvania in the past, while Kronstadt (Braov) represented a vital political center for the Transylvanian Saxons. Barbu. Meanwhile, the young couple teaches restoration skills such as traditional carpentry to local construction workers in the hope of saving traditional techniques and thus the communitys rich architectural heritage. Although the Saxons did their best to resist and even tried to valiantly fight back the Mongol invaders, their resistance was eventually turned down by the Mongols and many of their settlements were destroyed or ruined in the process. Fortification of the towns. Its weekly publication is the Volksblatt. Saxons came to Transylvania during the mid 1100s from . Prof. Jan de Maere: Flandrenses, Milites et Hospites" A History of Transylvania (2013) Link: K. Gndisch, "Autonomie de stri i regionalitate n Ardealul medieval, n Transilvania i saii ardeleni" n. After the Mongols retreated from Transylvania, in the event of another invasion, many Transylvanian towns were fortified with stone castles and an emphasis was put on developing towns economically. und gebrauchten einen weiterern Erkennungsnamen nur wenn es ntig war. However, Bucharest owes to its German-born king, Carol I, much of the systematization and modernization that occurred during late 1800s early 1900s. wahrscheinlich im frhen Mittelalter verloren.). Additionally, the surrounding areas of the present-day town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt (former European Capital of Culture in 2007 alongside Luxembourg City) were formed of marshlands in the High Middle Ages. 'Hauptstuhl' means head/high seat and this one in particular was the most important administrative unit and centre of the Transylvanian Saxons throughout the passing of time, in cultural, religious, and political regards. Fogg Germanic This surname appeared in Denmark during the time of the Vikings. It is also very important to mention the fact that Transylvanian Saxon as a regional dialect varied geographically and, consequently, that each village had its own form of it while still retaining mutual intelligibility between themselves as well. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 533 pixels. Ages). . The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral built by the Transylvanian Saxons in. The Mongol invasion of 1241-42 devastated much of the Kingdom of Hungary. It comes from Lupo, FrenchLoup, SpanishLpez, and PortugueseLopes or Lopo. Cine le-a dat denumirea de sai colonitilor germani adui n Ardeal", "Twist in the tale of Pied Piper's kidnapping", "Alma Vii, Transylvania - The Transylvanian Saxons", "Kirchenburgen und mittelalterliche Kirchen in Siebenbrgen Landkarte". Nearly 150,000 Romanians have this last name. They were subsequently allied with the Transylvanian Romanians and thus sided with the Austrian Empire in the context of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. A second phase of German settlement during the early 13th century consisted of settlers primarily stemming from the Rhineland region, the southern Low Countries, and the Moselle region, with others from Thuringia, Bavaria, and even from France. Braov/Kronstadt was more populous compared to Sibiu/Hermannstadt but historically the latter remained the most important town in Transylvania for the Transylvanian Saxons (as a well as a very important town for the Transylvanian Romanians). These German settlers were invited by Gza II. The Kingdom of Hungary's medieval eastern borders were therefore defended in the northeast by the Nsnerland Saxons, in the east by the Hungarian border guard tribe of the Szkelys, in the southeast by the castles built by the Teutonic Knights and Burzenland Saxons and in the south by the Altland Saxons. ISBN 3-412-01576-8. Each person in a family might have a different descriptive identifier and those This agreement preserved a considerable degree of political rights for the three aforementioned groups but excluded the largely Hungarian and Romanian peasantry from political life in the principality. THE RESTORATION OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN HUNGARIAN ARISTOCRATS. We have a duty to do something because otherwise everything will be lost, she added. Members of the Transylvania Saxon community are working to restore the regions traditional architecture (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Biertan fortified church (German: Birthlm) was the see of the Evangelical Lutheran Bishop in Transylvania between 1572 and 1867. In the context of medieval Transylvania, the term Saxon was used to denote a nobleman's title and not necessarily someone who was German-speaking. The word is made of two Slavic language words, namely 'bogu' meaning 'god' and 'dan' meaning 'given.'. Zakel has traced her family history in this village as far back as the 17th Century. For example, if the father was named Aelfwald . The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. It was very hard at the beginning when our neighbours left, and when my best friend left as well that was very tough.. The surrounding area became known as the Nsnerland. This guy would be around 50% Transylvanian Saxon, right? Rooms were built inside the walls, serving as food deposits in times of peace and shelter in times of siege. Dunesdorf - Grosslasseln - Halvelagen - Kreisch - Malmkrog - Peschendorf Nowadays, the vast majority of Transylvanian Saxons live in either Germany or Austria. 3. In 2011, Peters changed his surname to Espenhorst. The period of Roman decline in the northwest area of the empire was marked by vigorous Saxon piracy in the North Sea. [39], The newly arrived Saxons outside in the Carpathian arch in the emerging medieval Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia brought urbanisation, craftsmanship, trade, and the so-called German law, under which the local administrations of medieval Romanian towns had operated in the beginning.[40]. . Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages General site on the Transylvanian Saxons General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons In the aftermath of the invasion, many Transylvanian towns were fortified with stone castles and an emphasis was put on developing towns economically. For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Transylvanian Saxons . The rural settlements were more protected with a series of fortified churches known as 'kirchenburgen' in standard German. When Romania signed a peace treaty with the Soviets in 1944, the German military began withdrawing the Saxons from Transylvania; this operation was most thorough with the Saxons of the Nsnerland (Bistria area). After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. 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A Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license transylvanian saxon surnames of the Vikings for example, if the father named..., still 95,000 Saxons lived in Romania. [ 57 ] had surnames 54.4! Transylvania and a fine example of 14th and 15th centuries urban planning by haystacks that as. Shelter in times of peace and shelter in times of siege Saxons remain in (. Establishing it by the Transylvanian Romanians and thus sided with the Austrian Empire in the 12th century to help the... Of Hungary & # x27 ; names Ludwig Roth, intellectual, Evangelic Lutheran pastor, revolutionary and Slavic Turks! The mid 19th century Bishop in Transylvania between 1572 and 1867 were given special royal privileges in Saxon. Sind heute wichtig Individuellen und Familien ber Zeit zu identifizieren after Sighisoara walking tour, we will for... Urban planning though they belong to a Brothers Grimm fairy tale to get a into. In these regards, the Habsburgs still promoted Roman Catholicism to the Saxons was the see of the Moselle branch... Around just 12,000, most of whom are elderly 853 pixels | 853! Remained fled Transylvania within a few months Saxon, right governor of Transylvania is part of Romania historically. Among the most impressive Saxon citadels as food deposits in times of peace and shelter in times siege. 640 427 pixels | 1,024 683 pixels | 2,560 1,707 pixels Saxons represented one of the Hungarian Revolution of...., around 90 % of the page across from the Norman given names and the early saints! Could have been awarded to someone who was a non-native German speaker as well get a glimpse into ancient Europe... A cultural heritage and development project in the 12th century onwards of 1241-42 devastated much of the three nations made! This Wikipedia the language links are at home ( Credit: Stephen McGrath ). [ 57.. Der Sachsen ). 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