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No one was there. Tradition also gives Philemon as the second bishop of the see. [2][3] At Colossae, Herodotus describes how, "the river Lycos falls into an opening of the earth and disappears from view, and then after an interval of about five furlongs it comes up to view again, and this river also flows into the Maiander. Listen on Apple Podcasts. Colossae was an ancient city in the western part of the Roman province of Asia. [18] It is believed that one aim of the letter was to address the challenges that the Colossian community faced in its context of the syncretistic Gnostic religions that were developing in Asia Minor.[16]. Good for an outdoor run for those who want to exercise while on holiday instead of using the hotel gym. It stood at the head of a gorge where the two streams unite, and on the great highway traversing the country from Ephesus to the Euphrates valley, 13 miles from Hierapolis and 10 from Laodicea. By submitting above, you agree to our privacy policy. Honas) is still a little village, twelve miles east of Denizli; it has been rendered famous by its miraculous church of St. Michael. Learn more about the Colossus of Rhodes in … The site is uninhabited at present. Colossæ was a suffragan of Laodicea in Phrygia Pacatiana. It was part of the Roman – and then Byzantine – province of Phrygia Pacatiana, before being destroyed in 1192/3 and its population relocating to nearby Chonae (Chonai, modern day Honaz). When you get to the entrance, this is what you will see: The official front entrance. [11] Michael intervenes, drives his spear into the earth, diverts the waters underground, saves the people, and creates the chasm that appears in the topography near Colossae. Photo: Courtesy of Michael Trainor. The town was known for its fusion of religious influences (syncretism), which included Jewish, Gnostic, and pagan influences that in the first century AD were described as an angel-cult. Colossae was approximately 12 miles (19 km) from Laodicea and 14 miles (23 km) from Hierapolis. Colossae or Colosse (also known as Chonae or Kona; Greek: Κολοσσαί, Χωναί/Χῶναι), was an ancient city of Phrygia, on the Lycus, which is a tributary of the Maeander River. Pliny tells that the wool of Colossae gave its name (colossinus) to the colour of the cyclamen flower. Northeast of the tell, and most likely outside the city walls, a necropolis displays Hellenistic tombs with two main styles of burial: one with an antecedent room connected to an inner chamber, and tumuli, or underground chambers accessed by stairs leading to the entrance. Pottery collected from Colossae’s surface shows that Colossae was occupied on and off from 3500 B.C.E. Located at the foot of the mountain and gives weary tourists a nice feeling of relaxation. It was situated about 12 miles above Laodicea, and near the great road from Ephesus to the Euphrates. One tradition places the church northeast of Colossae near the Lycus River, and another locates it southeast of the tell in modern Honaz. Subscribers: Read the full article “Colossae—Colossal in Name Only?” by Michael Trainor in the March/April 2019 issue of Biblical Archaeology Review.  It was located in the region of Phrygia and in the roman province area. Colossus of Rhodes, colossal statue of the sun god Helios that stood in the ancient Greek city of Rhodes and was one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The three cities making up the "tri-city" were: Colossae, Hierapolis, and Laodicea. Yet Trainor is still able to reconstruct much of its history for BAR readers. Lexham Bible Dictionary. The once great city of Colossae in modern Turkey has never been excavated. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). The etiological legend explains several topographical features of the landscape around Colossae, the movement of the Lycus River’s water underground and its healing properties, the meaning of the name given to Chonos/Honaz (meaning “plunging” or “funnels”), Colossae’s alleged relocation, and the largest church building in Asia Minor named after St. Michael. This is a map of ancient city Colossae in Denizli, Turkey showing the location , geography and buildings. The unexcavated site of Colossae sits near the modern city of Honaz at the base of Mt. In Cadwallader and Trainor, eds. Has the Childhood Home of Jesus Been Found. [5][6][7], The medieval poet Manuel Philes, incorrectly, imagined that the name "Colossae" was connected to the Colossus of Rhodes. It is located near the sites of … Ancient site of Colossae is located 25 kilometers (15 miles) east of Denizli province in Turkey, and 2 kilometers north of Honaz district. Now about one mile north of the … It stood at the head of a gorge where the two streams unite, and on the great highway traversing the country from Ephesus to the Euphrates valley, 13 miles from Hierapolis and 10 from Laodicea. [12] It was famous for its wool trade. It is approximately 112 mi. Combine a one-year tablet and print subscription to BAR with membership in the BAS Library to start your journey into the ancient past today! It is located near the sites of Laodicea and Hierapolis, which also appear in the Bible. The Byzantines also built the church of St. Michael in the vicinity of Colossae, one of the largest church buildings in the Middle East. The epistle has traditionally been attributed to Paul the Apostle due to its autobiographical salutation & style,[17] but some modern critical scholars now believe it to be written by another author some time after Paul's death. According to the Epistle to the Colossians, Epaphras seems to have been a person of some importance in the Christian community in Colossae (Col. 1:7; 4:12), and tradition presents him as its first bishop. ko-los'-e (Kolossai, "punishment"; the King James Version Colosse): A city of Phrygia on the Lycus River, one of the branches of the Meander, and 3 miles from Mt. Hittite inscription might reference the site, calling it Huwalušija. Where is Biblical Colossae? We hope this site—of colossal importance—is excavated soon! [8] More recently, in an interpretation which ties Colossae to an Indo-European root that happens to be shared with the word kolossos, Jean-Pierre Vernant has connected the name to the idea of setting up a sacred space or shrine. Cadmus, 8,013 ft. high. Cadmus (in modern Turkey). [16] This unorthodox cult venerated the archangel Michael who is said to have caused a curative spring to gush from a fissure in the Earth. Colossae is in the same region as the seven churches of the Book of Revelation. The lukewarm waters of Laodicea, its gold and textile production, and its medicinal products become metaphors for the Laodiceans’ fidelity and religious commitment, which the writer of Revelation urged them to renew. A city of Phrygia on the Lycus River. Colossae history and church In 396 BC, during the Persian Wars, the satrap Tissaphernes was lured to Colossae and slain by an agent of the party of Cyrus the Younger. A significant city from the 5th century BC onwards, it had dwindled in importance by the time of Paul, but was notable for the existence of its local angel cult. It’s important to understand the location of Colossae in relation to other cities of early Christianity. [23] Near the Lycus River, there is evidence that water channels had been cut out of the rock with a complex of pipes and sluice gates to divert water for bathing and for agricultural and industrial purposes. As a matter of fact, “Xerxes, on his march to Sardes, B.C. [1] It was located 15 km southeast of Laodicea on the road through the Lycus Valley near the Lycus River at the foot of Mt. Husbands in Colossae. Although the Church of St. Michael was one of the largest Byzantine churches in the Near East, its location has been lost to us. The site of Colossae is located on the southern edge of the Lycus Valley near larger and more significant sites such as Laodecia, 8 mi. It would also indicate that Laodicea (like Colossae) was not evangelized by Paul, but possibly by his disciple Epaphras. This column fragment northeast of Colossae near the Lycus River may mark its location. What kind of a city is Colossae? Excerpt from the Lexham Bible Dictionary, the most advanced Bible dictionary. Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Colossians 1:1 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, 2 To God’s holy people in Colossae, the faithful brothers and sisters in Christ, "Background on Colossae and the Colossians | Bible Commentary | Theology of Work", Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus, Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colossae&oldid=992766392, Articles with incomplete citations from February 2016, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles needing additional references from February 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from February 2016, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles to be expanded from February 2016, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from February 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Easton's Bible Dictionary, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from February 2016, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Bennett, Andrew Lloyd. It was one of a triad of cities in the area (the other two being Laodicea and Hierapolis), resting at the foot of Mount Cadmus. Its biblical significance lies in the fact that the book of Colossians was addressed to the church here (Col 1:2) and that Philemon lived in this city. The city was decimated by an earthquake in the 60s AD, and was rebuilt independent of the support of Rome. The Fifth Century geographer Herodotus first mentions Colossae by name and as a "great city in Phrygia", which accommodates the Persian King Xerxes I while en route to wage war against the Greeks - showing the city had already reached a certain level of wealth and size by this time. The letter to the Colossians was addressed to the church located there. Outside the tell there are also remains of sections of columns that may have marked a processional way or the cardo. [10], The first mention of the city may be in a 17th-century BC Hittite inscription, which speaks of a city called Huwalušija, which some archeologists believe refer to early Colossae. Members of the congregation at Colossae may have been incorporating pagan elements into their practice, including … Colossae was located in Phrygia, in Asia Minor. But there are no ruins today. Colossae was located in Phrygia, in Asia Minor. due east of Ephesus. [10], Colossae's famous church was destroyed in 1192/3 during the Byzantine civil wars. COLOSSAE. Cadmus, 8,013 ft. high. Its writer, the seer John, addresses seven “churches,” including Laodicea (Revelation 3:14–22). Colossae was once a city of Phrygia, but in the time of the New Testament was part of the Roman province of Asia. The message to Laodicea is one of judgement with a call to repentance. Dig into the illuminating world of the Bible with a BAS All-Access membership. The oracle contains a number of metaphors. Site of Colossae—lower city viewed from the former acropolis, looking south. [21.5 km.] The unexcavated site of Colossae awaits exploration. Nevertheless, sources suggest that the town may have decreased in size or may even been completely abandoned due to Arab invasions in the seventh and eighth centuries, forcing the population to flee to resettle in the nearby city of Chonai (modern day Honaz). Ceramic finds around the theater confirm the city's early occupation in the third and second millennia BC. T. Nelson and Sons. A 17th-century B.C.E. In fact, in Colossians 2:1 he implies that those at Colossae and nearby Laodicea had never seen him “face to face.”. We learn from the ancient sources that St. Michael church existed in Chonae city. This is your ancient map guide and all the information you need. Writing in the 5th century BC, Xenophon refers to Colossae as "a populous city, wealthy and of considerable magnitude". The map shows Colossae’s location and ancient information such as the ancient attractions in Colossae. Where is the colossal Church of St. Michael in Colossae? Colossal Church? [8] Others believe the name derives from the manufacture of its famous dyed wool, or colossinus. COPYRIGHT © 2020 BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY 4710 41ST STREET N.W., WASHINGTON DC 20016. Colossae was located 120 miles east of Ephesus in the Lycus River Valley in ancient Phrygia, part of the Roman territory of Asia Minor. Colossae definition, an ancient city in SW Phrygia: seat of an early Christian church to which Paul wrote the Epistle to the Colossians. Michael. The location is great. Alternatively, the church might have been located where the modern city of Honaz now stands. The statue, which took 12 years to build (c. 294–282 BCE), was toppled by an earthquake about 225/226 BCE. 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